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Japanese encephalitis
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Sliding Table of
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Tables and Figure
Figure 1 : Global distribution
pattern of Japanese encephalitis. The areas shaded in yellow are Japanese
encephalitis risk-prone regions. The areas
encircled in red, such as Karachi (Pakistan) and Torres Strait islands
(Australia) and parts of the northern Australian
mainland are newer areas affected by Japanese encephalitis.
Figure 2: Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Figure
3: A schematic representation of the Japanese encephalitis virus genome. The
genome is a single-stranded, plus-sense RNA molecule containing a long open
reading frame (ORF) encoding the viral polyprotein with 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs). The encoded proteins
subsequently self-assemble into complete Japanese encephalitis
virus particles. See text for a detailed
discussion of the structural and non-structural proteins encoded by the Japanese
encephalitis virus genome.
Figure 4 :
Opisthotonus in a boy with JE (Photo: Courtesy Dr. P. Nagabhushana Rao)
Figure
5 : Dystonia in the right hand of
a boy with JE (Photo: Courtesy Dr. P. Nagabhushana)
Figure
6: Left
hemiparesis in a child with JE (Photo: Courtesy Dr. P. Nagabhushana Rao)
Figure 7:
Right gaze palsy in a child with JE
(Photo: Courtesy Dr. P. Nagabhushana Rao)
Figure 8: (A) CT scan
showing thalamic hypodensity; (B) MRI scan showing hyperintense thalami (Photos:
Courtesy Dr. P. Nagabhushana Rao)
Figure 9: (A) MRI
T2WI of a JE patient showing bilateral thalamic hyperintensity; (B) SPECT
showing thalamic and left frontal hypoperfusion in a child with JE who had
mouth open dystonia (Photos: Courtesy of Dr. U.K. Misra)
Figure 10: Bed sore
on the head of a JE patient (Photo: Courtesy Dr. P. Nagabhushana Rao)
Table 1:
Japanese Encephalitis : An Historical Timeline
Table
2: Major Human Flaviviruses and Their Endemic Areas
Table 3: Japanese Encephalitis – Facts & Figures
Table 4: JE-Related
Statistics from Major JE-Endemic Countries
Table
5: Vaccines Against Japanese Encephalitis
Box 1: Diagnostic Tests
for Japanese Encephalitis
Vignettes
Erlanger TE, et al.
Past, Present and Future of Japanese Encephalitis.
Emerging Infectious Diseases 2009;15(1):1-7.
Ooi MH, Lewthwaite P, et al.
The Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Long-Term
Prognosis of Japanese Encephalitis in Central Sarawak, Malaysia, 1997-2005.
Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 15;47:458-68.
Specter M.
The Mosquito Solution. Can genetic modification eliminate a deadly tropical
disease? The New Yorker July 9 & 16, 2012.
Guidelines: ACIP: Japanese Encephalitis
Vaccines. MMWR, March 2010.
Authors
Kaushik Bharati, Ph.D.
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