Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) increases CD4(+) cell numbers, but its ability to correct the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced immune deficiency remains unknown. A three-phase T cell reconstitution was demonstrated after HAART, with: (i) an early rise of memory CD4(+) cells, (ii) a reduction in T cell activation correlated to the decreasing retroviral activity together with an improved CD4(+) T cell reactivity to recall antigens, and (iii) a late rise of "naïve" CD4(+) lymphocytes while CD8(+) T cells declined, however, without complete normalization of these parameters. Thus, decreasing the HIV load can reverse HIV-driven activation and CD4(+) T cell defects in advanced HIV-infected patients.
Publication types
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Clinical Trial
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Multicenter Study
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use*
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Antigens, Viral / immunology
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CD4 Lymphocyte Count
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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Drug Therapy, Combination
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HIV Infections / drug therapy*
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HIV Infections / immunology*
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HIV Protease Inhibitors / administration & dosage
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HIV Protease Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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HIV-1* / drug effects
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HIV-1* / physiology
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Homeostasis
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Humans
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Immunologic Memory
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Lymphocyte Activation
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Lymphocyte Count
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Middle Aged
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RNA, Viral / blood
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / administration & dosage
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Ritonavir / therapeutic use
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology*
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Tuberculin / immunology
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Viral Load
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Viremia
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Zalcitabine / administration & dosage
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Zalcitabine / therapeutic use
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Zidovudine / administration & dosage
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Zidovudine / therapeutic use
Substances
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Anti-HIV Agents
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Antigens, Viral
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HIV Protease Inhibitors
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RNA, Viral
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Tuberculin
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Zidovudine
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Zalcitabine
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Ritonavir