Immunotherapeutic strategies against mucormycosis in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Mycoses. 2014 Dec:57 Suppl 3:8-12. doi: 10.1111/myc.12241. Epub 2014 Sep 18.

Abstract

Mucormycoses remain a serious complication in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In these patients, mortality rates of mucormycosis reach up to 90%, which is due, at least in part, to the severe and prolonged immunosuppression after transplantation. Although prolonged neutropaenia is one of the most important risk factors for mucormycosis, other cell populations, such as CD4(+) T cells may also provide critical defence mechanisms against this infection. The management of mucormycosis includes antifungal therapy, surgery and, most importantly, the control of the underlying predisposing conditions, such as the correction of an impaired immune system. Here, we review the current data of granulocytes, antifungal T cells and natural killer cells regarding their activity against mucormycetes and regarding a potential immunotherapeutic approach. It is hoped that further animal studies and clinical trials assessing immunotherapeutic strategies will ultimately improve the poor prognosis of allogeneic HSCT recipients suffering from mucormycosis.

Keywords: Mucormycosis; T cell; granulocyte; haematopoietic stem cell transplantation; natural killer cell.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Granulocytes / immunology
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Humans
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
  • Mucormycosis / drug therapy*
  • Mucormycosis / prevention & control
  • Neutropenia / microbiology

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents