A case of meningoencephalitis, associated with persistent parvovirus B19 infection, is described in a 36-year-old immunocompetent woman. Parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in samples of cerebrospinal fluid and serum; no parvovirus B19-specific clinical symptoms were seen, but neurological episodes were observed in the presence of parvovirus B19 infection and despite the onset of a specific immune response.