Objective: To present the successful management of two cases of massive hemoptysis related to pulmonary aneurysms in patients with active tuberculosis.
Design and setting: Retrospective study in the respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital.
Patients: Between July 1996 and January 2002, 46 cases of hemoptysis related to active tuberculosis needed ICU admission. In two cases, pulmonary aneurysm was the source of bleeding.
Results: Diagnosis was suspected on enhanced CT scan and confirmed by pulmonary angiograms. Transcatheter occlusion of pulmonary arterial circulation was successful. Both patients were alive at 1-year follow-up.
Conclusions: Massive hemoptysis occurring in patients with active tuberculosis could arise from pulmonary aneurysms. In such cases, bronchial artery embolization is ineffective. Before referring those patients for emergency surgery, an alternative strategy using angiographic study and transcatheter occlusion of pulmonary arterial circulation might be of interest.