Abstract
The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation. The most common pathogens associated with acute bacterial parotitis are Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic bacteria. The predominant anaerobes include gram-negative bacilli (including pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp.), Fusobacterium spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. (including S. pneumoniae) and gram-negative bacilli (including Escherichia coli) have also been reported. Gram-negative organisms are often seen in hospitalized patients. Organisms less frequently found are Arachnia, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Treponema pallidum, cat-scratch bacillus, and Eikenella corrodens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria are rare causes of parotitis. Therapy includes maintenance of hydration and administration of parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Once an abscess has formed surgical drainage is required. The choice of antimicrobial depends on the etiologic agent. Maintenance of good oral hygiene, adequate hydration, and early and proper therapy of bacterial infection of the oropharynx may reduce the occurrence of suppurative parotitis.
MeSH terms
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Abscess / drug therapy
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Abscess / surgery
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Actinomycetales Infections / diagnosis
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Actinomycetales Infections / drug therapy
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Acute Disease
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Bacterial Infections / diagnosis*
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Bacterial Infections / drug therapy
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Bacteroidaceae Infections / diagnosis
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Bacteroidaceae Infections / drug therapy
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Cat-Scratch Disease / diagnosis
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Cat-Scratch Disease / drug therapy
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Drainage
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Eikenella corrodens / isolation & purification
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Fluid Therapy
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Fusobacterium Infections / diagnosis
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Fusobacterium Infections / drug therapy
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Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / diagnosis
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Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / drug therapy
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Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / diagnosis
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Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / drug therapy
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Haemophilus Infections / diagnosis
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Haemophilus Infections / drug therapy
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Humans
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Klebsiella Infections / diagnosis
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Klebsiella Infections / drug therapy
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Oral Hygiene
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Parotitis / drug therapy
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Parotitis / microbiology*
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Peptostreptococcus / isolation & purification
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Porphyromonas / isolation & purification
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Prevotella / isolation & purification
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Pseudomonas Infections / diagnosis
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Pseudomonas Infections / drug therapy
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Salmonella Infections / diagnosis
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Salmonella Infections / drug therapy
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Staphylococcal Infections / diagnosis
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Staphylococcal Infections / drug therapy
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Streptococcal Infections / diagnosis
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Streptococcal Infections / drug therapy
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Suppuration
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Treponemal Infections / diagnosis
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Treponemal Infections / drug therapy
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Tuberculosis, Oral / diagnosis
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Tuberculosis, Oral / drug therapy