Three cases of non-endocarditis-associated Rothia dentocariosa bacteraermia occurred in Viborg County within the space of a year, whereas no cases have been registered in other parts of Denmark during the last 10 y. Two patients wore dentures but had no history of oral infection, while in the last patient a tooth abscess was detected on examination. R. dentocariosa is a common inhabitant of the oral cavity and the causative agent of a wide spectrum of infectious symptoms. It is only rarely identified in blood cultures, possibly due the inadequacy of the available identification methods.