Background: Nocardia asteroides cerebral abscesses are rare intracranial lesions. They account for only 2% of brain abscesses. Existing literature takes the form of anecdotal reports, small case series, and retrospective studies. An optimal treatment approach has not been established. However, there is evidence that the size of the lesion and clinical and immune status of the patient are relevant to surgical decision making.
Methods: Three recent cases are presented and the existing literature is reviewed.
Results: The outcome in all three cases was satisfactory. Although the currently recommended neurosurgical management protocols were followed, one patient had a prolonged course, which may have been shortened had an earlier biopsy of the cerebral lesion been performed.
Conclusions: The surgical approach to suspected Nocardia spp. cerebral abscesses has recently become less aggressive. A more aggressive approach than that currently preferred for suspected Nocardia spp. cerebral abscesses may be appropriate. Earlier biopsy of lesions to achieve specific identification and anti-microbial sensitivity profiles is suggested even in cases where an extracranial focus of infection is found. Delays in obtaining a biopsy may lead to non-specific or unhelpful results that may prolong the course in hospital and jeopardize the outcome.