Characterization of a beta-lactamase from Clostridium clostridioforme

J Antimicrob Chemother. 1994 Jan;33(1):33-40. doi: 10.1093/jac/33.1.33.

Abstract

A beta-lactamase-producing strain of Clostridium clostridioforme isolated from human peritoneal fluid was examined by MIC testing and enzyme characterization. MICs of penicillins (64-512 mg/L) were higher than those of cephalosporins (8-128 mg/L); the strain was susceptible to cefoxitin (8 mg/L) and imipenem (1 mg/L). No enhancement of cephalosporin activity occurred when clavulanate was also added, but a limited degree of enhancement of penicillin activity (resulting in beta-lactam MICs higher than available NCCLS breakpoints) occurred when clavulanate, sulbactam or tazobactam was added simultaneously. By contrast, addition of BRL 42715 with amoxycillin, ticarcillin or piperacillin led to a drop in beta-lactam MICs from 512 to < or = 1 mg/L, with a drop from 64 to 1 mg/L when BRL 42715 was added with cefotaxime. All inhibitors were added at fixed concentrations of 2 mg/L. As determined spectrophotometrically, the enzyme hydrolysed penicillin G, cloxacillin and piperacillin (Vmax values (%) 372, 1816, 1001, respectively relative to cephaloridine) more efficiently than cephalosporins (69-191, with cephaloridine as 100%). Km values (microM) varied between 30-308 microM (penicillins) and 2-20 microM (cephalosporins). Relative enzyme efficiency (relative Vmax/Km with cephaloridine as 100) varied from 21-100 (cephalosporins) and 8-77 (penicillins). IC50 values (microM) with nitrocefin, piperacillin and penicillin G substrates (concentrations 20, 100 and 20 microM, respectively) were > 1000, 7, 3.5 (clavulanate); > 1000, 300, 59 (sulbactam), > 1000, 29, 7.7 (tazobactam); 0.0004, 0.001, 0.0018 (BRL 42715). The enzyme was not inhibited by EDTA, cefoxitin, cloxacillin or aztreonam, but was inhibited by pCMB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Ascitic Fluid / microbiology
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
  • Clostridium / drug effects
  • Clostridium / enzymology*
  • Clostridium Infections / microbiology
  • Drug Resistance, Microbial
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Isoelectric Focusing
  • Kinetics
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
  • beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
  • beta-Lactamases / analysis*
  • beta-Lactamases / metabolism

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
  • beta-Lactamases