Candida krusei colonized 12.4% of 868 patients undergoing episodes of therapy-induced granulocytopenia over a 9-year period. The gastrointestinal tract was most frequently colonized, followed by the respiratory tract and urinary tract. Ten patients developed systemic infections with C. krusei; all 10 had two or more positive blood cultures. Nine of the 10 patients were colonized with C. krusei, and 6 were receiving systemic antifungal agents at the time of development of the infection. Seven patients died within 1 month of C. krusei sepsis; systemic candidiasis was seen in the autopsies of the four patients on whom autopsies were performed. Therefore, C. krusei should be recognized as an emerging pathogen in select patient populations.