Treatment of typhoid fever and other systemic salmonelloses with cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, and other newer cephalosporins

Rev Infect Dis. 1987 Jul-Aug;9(4):719-36. doi: 10.1093/clinids/9.4.719.

Abstract

Third-generation cephalosporins have been considered for the treatment of systemic salmonelloses because of emerging resistance among Salmonella species to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Twelve patients with typhoid/paratyphoid fever, nine with nontyphoid salmonella bacteremia, and two with Salmonella meningitis were treated with cefotaxime; one leukemic patient with Salmonella dublin bacteremia received ceftizoxime. All infections were cured except for one in a patient with sickle cell anemia; this patient's illness recurred but was cured with a second course of cefotaxime followed by ceftriaxone. A review of the literature documented cures with cefotaxime in 50 of 61 patients with typhoid/paratyphoid fever, all of four with salmonella osteomyelitis, 12 of 14 with salmonella meningitis, and 44 of 49 with non-typhoid salmonella bacteremia. Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone cured, respectively, 23 of 25 and 32 of 33 patients with typhoid/paratyphoid fever. The relapse rates of typhoid fever treated with cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone were 6%, 4%, and 0%, respectively. Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone are acceptable alternative antibiotics for the treatment of salmonelloses caused by multiresistant organisms.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Cefoperazone / therapeutic use
  • Cefotaxime / therapeutic use
  • Ceftriaxone / therapeutic use
  • Cephalosporins / therapeutic use*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Paratyphoid Fever / drug therapy
  • Salmonella Infections / drug therapy*
  • Salmonella Infections / microbiology
  • Typhoid Fever / drug therapy*

Substances

  • Cephalosporins
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Cefoperazone
  • Cefotaxime