Risk factors associated with postcraniotomy meningitis

Neurosurgery. 2007 Feb;60(2):317-25; discussion 325-6. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000249266.26322.25.

Abstract

Objective: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence, bacteriological features, and risk factors for postcraniotomy meningitis.

Methods: Patients older than 18 years who underwent nonstereotactic craniotomies between January 1996 and March 2000 and who survived for more than 7 days were included. Operations for placement of burr holes and shunts were excluded. Records of the first 30 postoperative days were abstracted. Host factors, types of craniotomy, and pre- and postoperative variables were evaluated as risk factors for meningitis

Results: Among 453 patients, there were 25 cases of meningitis. Eight out of 12 culture-positive cases were the result of gram-positive cocci. Four hundred twenty (92%) patients received antibiotic prophylaxis, most commonly a first-generation cephalosporin. In multivariate analysis, the risk of meningitis was increased by surgery that entered a sinus (odds ratio [OR], 4.49; P = 0.018), an increase in the American Society of Anesthesiologists score (OR, 1.72; P = 0.023), and increases in the number of days of external ventricular drainage (OR, 1.21; P = 0.049) and intracranial pressure monitoring (OR, 1.24; P = 0.002).

Conclusion: Access of upper airway bacteria to the surgical wound, host factors as expressed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and duration of device-related postoperative communication of the cerebrospinal fluid and the environment are major risk factors for postoperative meningitis after craniotomy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cohort Studies
  • Craniotomy / adverse effects*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Meningitis, Bacterial / epidemiology*
  • Meningitis, Bacterial / etiology*
  • Meningitis, Bacterial / prevention & control
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications / prevention & control
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Surgical Wound Infection / complications
  • Surgical Wound Infection / epidemiology
  • Surgical Wound Infection / prevention & control