Over the past two decades, an increasing trend in the number of vaginal infections attributable to yeasts other than Candida albicans has emerged. Of these non-albicans species, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata appear to be the most important. The change in incidence pattern of yeast vaginitis can be expected to impact greatly on the treatment of this condition, because many currently used drug therapies (e.g., imidazoles) for C. albicans vaginitis do not adequately eradicate non-albicans species. A possible explanation for the recent increased selection of these species may be the shortened antifungal therapies that have been introduced during the past decade. These 1- to 3-day regimens with the older imidazoles may suppress C. albicans, but create an imbalance of flora that facilitate an overgrowth of non-albicans species. The recognition of yeast speciation and the need for use of a broad-spectrum antifungal preparation that covers these organisms is now apparent.