Antibiotic Class:
Nitrofuran
Antimicrobial
Spectrum:
E. coli, Citrobacter spp., S. sapprophyticus, E.
faecalis.
Mechanism of Action:
Inhibits bacterial enzymes responsible for cell wall
synthesis
Pharmacodynamics:
No data
Pharmacokinetics:
Bioavailability: 90%, Tmax: 2 hours, Cmax (50mg PO):
0.4mcg/ml, Volume of distribution: 40L, Half-life: 1 hour
Adverse Effects:
CNS: Headache, dizziness, confusion
GI: nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis
Hematologic: Eosinophilia and fever
Other: Peripheral neuritis
Dosage:
Capsule, macrocrystal: 25, 50, 100 mg
Capsule, macrocrystal/monohydrate: 100 mg
Suspension, oral: 25 mg/5 mL
Adults – UTI, treatment: Oral: 50-100 mg/dose every 6
hours (not to exceed 400 mg/24 hours)
UTI, prophylaxis:: Oral: 50-100 mg/dose at
bedtime
Children: UTI, treatment: Oral: Children >1 month: 5-7
mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 hours; maximum: 400 mg/day
UTI, chronic therapy: Oral: 1-2 mg/kg/day in
divided doses every 12-24 hours; maximum: 100 mg/day
Disease state based dosing:
Renal failure: Contraindicated in patients with CrCl <
60ml/min, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and hemofiltration
Hepatic failure: No data
Contraindications/Warnings/Precautions:
Precautions:
- Peripheral neuritis is frequently associated with
nitrofurantoin use in the elderly with impaired renal function. Symptoms begin
within 45 days of therapy and involve ascending motor and sensory
polyneuropathy
Drug
Interactions:
Phenytoin – Increased metabolism of phenytoin suggested
Magnessium trisilicate antacids – Decreased nitrofurantoin
absorption
Probenecid – Decreased tubular secretion of nitrofurantoin
Quinolones – In-vitro antagonism – clinical significance
unknown
Pregnancy:
Category B:
No
evidence of risk in humans but studies inadequate.
Monitoring requirements:
Therapeutic:
Culture and sensitivities, signs and symptoms of infection
Toxic:
Signs/Symptoms of polyneuropathy
Brand names/Manufacturer:
-
APO-NITROFURANTOIN (Apotex
- CANADA)
-
BERKFURIN (APS-
UK)
-
BIOFURIN (Bioresearch - MEXICO)
-
CHEMIOFURIN (Torlan - SPAIN)
-
CISTOFURAN (Crosara - ITALY)
-
CYSTIT (Bristol-Myers
Squibb - GERMANY)
-
FURABID (Goldshield - NETHERLANDS)
-
FURADANTIN (Goldshield –
GERMANY, UK, IRELAND, SOUTH AFRICA, SWEDEN, NORWAY, AUSTRIA, AUSTRALIA, NEW
ZEALAND, ITALY, USA)
-
FURADANTINA (Normal
– PORTUGAL, MEXICO)
-
FURADANTINE (Vifor – SWITZERLAND,
FRANCE)
-
FURADANTINE (Procter &
Gamble - BELGIUM)
-
FURADANTINE MC (Goldshield
- NETHERLANDS)
-
FURADOINE (Merck-Lipha - FRANCE)
-
FURANTOIN (Leciva – CZECH REPUBLIC)
-
FURANTOINA (Uriach - SPAIN)
-
FURANTOINA SEDANTE (Uriach
- SPAIN)
-
FURANTON (Randall - MEXICO)
-
FUREDAN (Scharper - ITALY)
-
FURIL (OFF - ITALY)
-
FUROBACTINA (Dexter - SPAIN)
-
FUROLIN (Pharmanik - GREECE)
-
FUROPHEN TC (Rorer - NETHERLANDS)
-
FUTROKEN (Kener - MEXICO)
-
HANTINA (Apsen - BRAZIL)
-
ITURAN (Promonta - GERMANY)
-
MACROBID (Goldshield – UK, IRELAND Procter
& Gamble – USA, CANADA)
-
MACRODANTIN (Procter &
Gamble – USA,
CANADA, Geymonat – ITALY, Goldshield – UK, GlaxoSmithKline – SOUTH AFRICA)
-
MACRODANTINA
(Schering-Plough –
BRAZIL, MEXICO, CHILE)
-
MACRODANTIN (Alza - CANADA)
-
MACROFURIN (Mavi - MEXICO)
-
MACROSAN (Sanitas - CHILE)
-
MATIDAN (Mintlab - CHILE)
-
MICRODOINE (Gomenol -
FRANCE)
-
NEO-FURADANTIN (Formenti
- ITALY)
-
NEPHRONEX (Cortunon - CANADA)
-
NIEROFU (Hoyer - GERMANY)
-
NIFURAN (Bamford - NEW ZEALAND)
-
NIFURANTIN (Apogepha - GERMANY)
-
NIFURANTIN B 6 (Apogepha - GERMANY)
-
NIFURETTEN (Apogepha - GERMANY)
-
NIPACTRIN (Heralds - BRAZIL)
-
NITROBID (Zambon - BRAZIL)
-
NITROFURANTOIN COMP (Ratiopharm
- GERMANY)
-
NITROFUR-C (Leiras-
FINLAND)
-
NITROFURIN G.W. (Panthox &
Burck - ITALY)
-
NOVO-FURAN (Novopharm - CANADA)
-
NOVO-FURAN SUSPENSION (Novopharm
- CANADA)
-
NOVO-FURANTOIN (Novopharm
- CANADA)
-
PHENURIN (Merckle - GERMANY)
-
PROMAC (Provit - MEXICO)
-
RALODANTIN (Pharmacia - AUSTRALIA)
-
SPASMO NIEROFU (Hoyer - GERMANY)
-
SPASMO-UROCLEAR (Parke,
Davis - GERMANY)
-
SPASMO-UROLONG (Thiemann – GERMANY,
SWITZERLAND, AUSTRIA)
-
SULFA-UROLONG (Thiemann - GERMANY)
-
SULFA-URO-TABLINEN (Sanorania
- GERMANY)
-
SURONIT (Degorts - MEXICO)
-
TEGURAN (Tegur - MEXICO)
-
TROCURINE (Labatec - SWITZERLAND)
-
URANTIN (Xixia - SOUTH AFRICA)
-
URANTOIN (Rafa – ISRAEL, UK)
-
UROBAC (Ofimex - MEXICO)
-
UROCLEAR (Parke Davis - GERMANY)
-
URODIL (Selz - GERMANY)
-
URODIN (Streuli - SWITZERLAND)
-
UROFEN (Teuto - BRAZIL)
-
URO FURAN (Bunker - BRAZIL)
-
UROGEM (Prodotti - BRAZIL)
-
UROGOBENS ANTIESPASMO (Normon
- SPAIN)
-
URO HUBBER (ICN-
SPAIN)
-
UROLISA (Lisapharma - ITALY)
-
UROLONG (Sodip – SWITZERLAND, AUSTRIA,
GERMANY)
-
UROPAC (EMS-
BRAZIL)
-
URO-SELZ (Selz - GERMANY)
-
UROSPASMON (Heumann – SWITZERLAND,
GERMANY)
-
UROSPASMON SINE (Heumann - GERMANY)
-
UROSPASMON SINE
PHENAZOPYRIDINO (Sanova - AUSTRIA)
-
URO-TABLINEN (Lichtenstein
- GERMANY)
-
UVAMIN (Mepha - Israel)
-
UVAMINE RETARD (Mepha - SWITZERLAND)