Foul-smelling discharge

Infection in proximity to a mucosal surface

Tissue necrosis, gangrene

Gas in tissues or discharges

Infection associated with malignancy

Infections secondary to human or animal bite

Infection related to the use of aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamthoxazole, monobactams, or cefalosprins with poor activity against anaerobes

Classical clinical picture such as gas gangrene and actinomycosis

Infections which are primarily of anaerobic etiology (e.g., brain abscess, lung abscess)

Septic trombophlebitis

Unique morphology of Gram stain of exudates

No growth on routine culture – “sterile pus”

Black discoloration of blood-containing exudates; these exudates may fluoresce red under ultraviolet light (infections involving pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas)

Bacteria

Antimicrobial Agent

PcV

Amox

Amox/

clav

Cefox

Imip

Clinda

Metro

Chloram

Moxi

Gram-positive bacteria

Actinomyces sp.

S

S

S

S

S

S

R

S

S

Bifidobacteria

S

S

S

S

S

S

R

S

S

Eubacteria^*

S

S

S

S

S

S

R

S

S

Lactobacilli

S

S

S

S

S

S

R

S

S

Propionibacteria

S

S

S

S

S

V

R

S

S

Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci

S/V

S/V

S/V

S

S

V

V

S

S

Gram-negative bacteria

Fusobacteria

V

V

S

S

S

S/V

S

S

S

Porphyromonas sp.

V

V

S

S

S

S/V

S

S

S

Prevotella sp.

V

V

S

S

S

S/V

S

S

S/V

Veillonella sp.

V

S

S

S

S

S/V

S

S

S